Potential Exam Questions

10.- List the SOCIAL CLASSES in the 19th CENTURY (with their subgroups) and explain their characteristics.

-The upper class, was made up of the nobility, who continued to earn high rents from their lands; and the bourgois capitalists, who made substantial profits from their business.
This group was characterized by high levels of wealth, property and income.

-The middle class, was made up of civil servants, lawyers and doctors, who provided services to other members of society; small merchants and artisans, who owned their shops or workshops; and small farmers who worked their own land.
This group had an intermediate level of wealth, property and income.

-The working class, was made up of the industrial working class or proletariat, who did not own property, and whose wages were usually low; and poor tenant farmers and agricultural labourers.
This group lived in conditions of extreme poverty.

Sandra Vicho García, 4ºD.

Potencial Exam Question

List and explain the working class political movements in the 2nd half of the 19th century.

It were:

  Marxism & Anarchism

-The emergence of new left-wing ideologies.

-These ideologies promoted the interests of the working class, as well as...

-Offering alternatives

-The most important of theses ideologies were Marxism and Anarchism.

Marxism (developed by Karl Marx and Friederich Engels)

-Class struggle: the oppressed proletariat would organize itself and fight its capitalist oppressor.

-The dictatorship of the proletariat: the proletariat would seize political power.

-Communism: there would be a new communist society.

Anarchism ('s father was Mikhail Bakunin)

-Individual freedom: People had to fight to defend their freedom.

-Communes: Small, independent groups in which all decisions would be taken by popular assemblies.

-Direct Action: People had to defend their interests through their own actions

Inés González 4º ESO C

Potencial Exam Question

Define these terms with the vocabulary of the unit:

-Steam engine: a machine that works with steam as a means of energy.

-James Wattt: he was the man that invented the first reliable steam engine.

-Enclosure: was the cause of the Agricultural Revolution that increased agricultural production because it created larger, more profitable farms.

-Absence of internal duties: was one of the causes that increased the domestic trade of the Commercial Revolution.

-Parliamentary monarchy:  type of monarchy that allowed the bourgeoisie to participate in government and political decision making in Great Britain.

-Spinning and weaving machine: was a tecnological innovation that increased the amount of cotton fabric that could be processed.

-Taylorism: factories system in which every worker was responsible for a different part of the production process.

-Bessemer converter: is a tecnological innovation that allowed foundries to produce large quantities of steel as well as a better-quality product.

-Trevithick: was the inventor of the steam locomotive.

-Fulton: was the inventor of the first commercial steamship.

-Stephenson: was the inventor of the first public steam railway.

-Adam Smith: is the father of modern economics and economic liberalism.

-Tennant: person who rents land from its owner.

-(agricultural) Labourer: Farmer hired and paid by the day.

-Sharecroper: farmer who pays the rent from his land (the land he cultivates) with some of the crops they produce.

-Luddities: this group was an early manifestation of organized working-class protest.

-Trade unions: Associations of workers in particular types of work.

-Chartist movement: a movement created by people who demenaded political changes including "universal manhood suffrage", they also asked Parliament to pass laws which would improve worker's conditions.

-Utopian Socialism: were the first currents of modern socialist thought.

-Henri the Saint-Simon: was one of the creators of the idea of Utopian Socialism.

-Fourier: was one of the creators of the idea of Utopian Socialism.

-Robert Owen: was one of the creators of the idea of Utopian Socialism.

-Marxism: was one of the most important left-wing ideologies that emerged in the second half of the 19th century which promoted the interests of the working class. It was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

-Anarchism: was one of the most important left-wing ideologies that emerged i the second half of the 19th century which rejected the dictatorship of the proletariat and proposed and defended an ideal society based on individual freedom, communes and direct accion. It was developed by Mikhail Bakunin.

-Karl Marx: was one of the creators of Marxism.

-Friedrich Engels: was one of the creators of Marxism

-Class struggle: was one of the bases of Marxism. It means that the proletariat should organize itself and fight the bourgeoisie.

-the Dictatorship of the Proletariat: was one of the bases of Marxism. It means that the proletariat should seize political power. Once in power, they should control the economy and redistribute wealth equality among all members of society.

-Communism: was one of the bases of Marxism. It sais that, in place of the old class-based society, there should be a new Communist society in which everyone should be equal.

-Mikhail Bakunin: was the main advocate of the Anarchism.

-Individual Freedom (for Anarchism): People had to fight against any authority or institution that limited their freedom.

-Communes: Society should be reorganized into small, independent groups called communes.

-Direct Action (for Anarchism): People had to defend their interests through their own actions, not through political parties or elections.

Rosana González; Violeta Ramiro; Claudia Villabrille.

Potencial Exams Questions

9- Explain the characteristics of the CLASS-BASED SOCIETY as opposite to the ESTATES SYSTEM.

Class-based society is divided into three groups: the Upper Class, the Middle Class and the Working Class while the Estates System was divided into three estates, which were: the First Estate (the nobility), the Second State (the clergy) and the Third Estate  (peasants, artisans and merchants). In the class-based society, people could change easily their social status because it was determined by their personal wealth, and not by their family background, as in the Estates System. In the class-based society all citizen were equal under the law, and in the estates systems the first and second estates had privileges. In the 19th century people fought for the universal male suffrage. In both social systems, there were great economic inequalities.

Lucía Rodríguez Martínez, 4ºD.

Maggots

Here we upload a very interesting video about how muggles can help in medicine. Listen carefully 'cause they use a lot the pasive voice!

http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/study-break/video-zone/maggot-medicine

Passive Voice

Here there's a video to practise
http://youtu.be/g72m8wyNzsI

Gossip!

    Last week, we were waitting for a friend's little sister that was comming from school by bus. While we were at the bus stop we saw two adults (a woman and a man, who everyone in the high school know... because they are teachers!) walking together and then, they get into the bus and set together, are the in love...?

    
    A part of the gossip, don't you think all of us should take the idea of this two persons, go more by public transport and less by car?   NO MORE POLLUTION!   We should use the public transport to reduce pollution.


Whats opcions do you think we should take to make this world better?

What's the worst Christmas present for me!

Hi guys! :)

How´s it going? I´m going to tell you, what was my worst Christmas present that I was given in all my life.

One Christmas, when I was five years old, more less, I was given the famous toy called Gusiluz. My parents bought me, all the children like it very much, because it had many colors and lights. But for me was scary, awful, terrible...all negative adjectives that exist in the world. Every time I looked it couldn´t stop crying. 

Guess what? Nowadays, I see it and scares me...I'll leave you a picture of him, for you know the fearsome Gusiluz...

Claudia Villabrille García   4ºD

My worst present christmas ever

Hi guys!

Did you ever had an horrible present for christmas?
Unfortunately I remember one, can you believe my mom and my great-grandmother agreed to bought me...the worst dress ever known??
I was about 10 and my mom loved coloredfull and eye catching clothes from Agatha Ruiz dela Prada, a well known brand of the 90's. Although I don't like at all these kind of clothes I was always embarased walking in the street an all that, yuk! it was disgusting, but I felt bad because of my mom so I had to put it on sometimes to make her happy.
Finally there came a time when the dress was to small to me and I felt like I was free!!
Now my mom and I had talk about it and ther isn't more clothes like that in my wardrobe.
  
If you had some awful stories like these please comment and tell us!

See you, bye! 
Violeta 4ºC

The worst christmas present I was given

Hi guys!

How's it going?  Were you given any disgusting  present this chirstmas? I'm going to tell you about the worst christmas present I was given ever.

 When I was 11, I celebrated christmas with some distant relatives. When we were opening our presents I was really excited 'cause there were so many things for me and, in fact, I loved most of them, but there was an awful present that I can't forget. One of my mum's aunts gave me a horrible christmas sweater. It was red, with a christmas tree in the middle that was full of colorful staff including multi colored lights!  Can you believe I had to wear it the full day? Mum forced me to do that and I felt really embarrassed when my friends saw me. They found it hilarious and finally so did I but I didn't wear it again.

Here I upload a picture of the sweater, check it out and leave a comment!

Bye for now :)

Rosana González 4ºC

My worst Christmas present ever

Hi guys!

How's it going? I'm going to talk you about my worst Chirstmas present. When I was 10, I was given a really tacky and awful dress. My aunt gave to me a big box wrapped with a colourful paper and a ribbon. I thought  that it was going to be an awesome present. However, when I opened it I saw an horrible pink dress. It was full of ribbons, lace and this kind of stuff. I smiled at her and said it was fantastic and beautiful just to make her happy. When everybody had left, I said to my mother: "I hate it! It's really creppy". Can you believe that she agreed with me? She did and we changed it for a nice skirt.

Bye for now. Kisses,
Lucía 4ºD

What´s the WORST Christmas present you´ve received? :$

One Christmas, I was given suggar coal...
My grandmother went to open her present and when she came back, she gave my a bag with suggar coal, she said to me ' You were so immature this year'. Me, I took the bag and went to the sofa to watch TV. Hours later, when I was reading a book, my mum said... Do you like your present? Of course, I went to my beedrom and put the sac on my night's table. Nowadays, this sac is in the same position in the same place.
Bye for now.
 Inés.

My Worst Christmas Present

Hi guys!!
One Christmas, when I was 6, I was given a REALLY creepy porcelain doll. It had wings and whenever you pressed a button it would start moving them and making weird noises. It was a present my grandparents had chosen for me, and as soon as they left, my mom decided to throw it away. It even scared my cat!! My dad found it hilarious though... But I swear it was scary and horrible.
My grandparents stayed at my house this Christmas and we laughed about it!
Sandra Vicho 4ºD